As in the topic title.
I have one component placed on several subpages.
I would like the CMS data on each sub-page to pull according to a different filter.
If I set a filter in the component, it automatically writes to all subpages, and I would like a different filter on each different subpage.
I use filter option as you can see on the screen
Cities single page - example Nowoczesne projektowanie ogrodów Baborów
(Use filter fo other cities on the bottom of the page)
Voivodeship single page - example Projektowanie ogrodów Opolskie
(use filter from my gallery on the top and filter the cities cms on the bottom of the page)
For my purpose- not sure if its anyhow connected with your case 
I have city-specific pages for the locations where we offer our services (a few hundred cities). Each city is tagged with its corresponding province (voivodeship).
I also have province pages (16 total).
For the province pages, I’ve applied a filter to show only the cities that belong to the same province (i.e., their province tag matches the page’s province name).
For the city pages, I’ve done something similar – the filter ensures that only other cities from the same province are displayed on that city’s page.
I used the filtering option like in the image you provided. Is this what you were referring to? Or is your issue about applying different filters for subpages that share the same component? Let me know, and I can explain further. 
English below
Cześć Wojtek, odpowiem Ci po polsku żebyś lepiej zrozumiał o co mi chodzi.
Chodzi mi o sytuację, w której mam jeden komponent umieszczony na kilku różnych podstronach.
Ten komponent na każdej innej podstronie chcę wyfiltrować według innego pola w CMS.
Próbowałem robić to tak jak jest w poradniku na temat komponentów ale ten sposób u mnie nie działa. Odznaczanie instancji nie pozwala mi filtrować tego komponentu według innego pola.
Kiedy zmieniam filtr w komponencie na danej stronie, to ten filtr aktualizuje się na wszystkich podstronach i jest wszędzie taki sam.
Moim założeniem jest to, aby ten komponent na każdej stronie miał inny filtr, a nie wszędzie taki sam.
English:
Hi Wojtek, I will answer you in Polish so that you better understand what I mean.
I mean a situation where I have one component placed on several different subpages.
I want to filter this component on each different sub-page according to a different field in the CMS.
I tried to do it as it is in the component tutorial but this way does not work for me. Unchecking the instance does not allow me to filter this component by another field.
When I change the filter in the component on a particular page, this filter updates on all subpages and is the same everywhere.
My assumption is that this component should have a different filter on each page, not the same everywhere.
Możesz wrzucić tutaj link do strony albo wkleić screeny?
-strony
-komponentu
-collection z którego bierze info(jakie ma okienka itp )
-ew opisać na screenach co się ma dziać ? Trudno mi to zrozumieć
I’m bumping the topic up
@WojciechK Myślę, że mi nie pomożesz z tym bo to jest kwestia jakiegoś błędu w builderze.
Its not possible to have different source settings inside of component instance, it will always be the same.
One workaround is to work with iterable inside of component.
Idea: have one div which is wrapping component, that div has source applied to it with “Repeat” set to NO. And save data inside of some variable like “dynamicdata”, and then inside of component instead of calling source, use iterable from “dynamicdata → items” to show all items. And then on each subpage, set different setting to that div which is wrapper
